Have you ever traveled to the shopping mall in search of a product, only to be met by dozens of similar options to choose between? Lowest-price vs best-value, long-lasting vs quick-acting, eco-friendly vs cost-effective: we are drowning in possibilities that years ago didn’t exist. Perhaps nowhere is the epidemic of choice more prevalent than in the digital camera world today. Since I began reviewing mirrorless cameras a couple of years ago with my partner Mathieu Gasquet, I’ve been surprised by just how many models exist for each brand. For instance, in the six years since mirrorless cameras first began to appear on the market, a total of thirty-six Micro Four Thirds system cameras and nineteen Sony E-mount cameras have been released, an astonishing number if you consider that new film cameras would be released only every two or three years.
But why is too much choice an issue? We all know that too little choice breeds unhappiness because our needs aren’t being met, but in truth, too much can trigger equally disastrous effects.
Impulse purchasing is common, as people presented with too many options often prefer to make a quick decision than an informed one. At the other extreme, we have complete decision avoidance. Both results are damaging to camera brands as the former buyer likely won’t be satisfied with his or her purchase, and the latter won’t invest in a new product at all. The irony is that we are wired to crave this excessive choice, regardless of the negative effects it has on our ability to manoeuvre through life and make good decisions.
Choosing the right mirrorless camera
We often receive emails from people of varying skill levels asking which mirrorless camera is the best for them. This isn’t an easy question to answer as no two photographers’ needs are alike. People have different photography goals, different budgets, and different interests, and what might work for one person might not work for someone else. For this reason, I have devised four fictional case studies that represent the most common types of people who contacts us with the question “which mirrorless should I buy”.
Note: This list was updated in February of 2017 and may not include the most recent camera models on the market.
Case A: Larry – Beginner
Larry is a smartphone photographer who is becoming serious about photography, and wants a new camera that will help him take professional-looking images.
Budget: $500
For Larry, everything about his new mirrorless camera will be a step-up from his smartphone. He will have to come to grips with the basics of shutter speed, aperture, ISO, exposure compensation, and lens selection while learning how to use composition and light to his advantage. He needs a camera that is straightforward to use yet gives him the possibility to “get messy” and experiment.
Luckily for Larry, each mirrorless camera brand has a series of interchangeable entry-level models that allow you to adjust the basic settings without being bombarded with all the buttons, dials and functions an advanced user would expect.
In the same vein, entry-level models almost always lack certain high-end features found on flagship models, both to cut costs and keep the camera as simple as possible. For instance, you will rarely find an EVF (electronic viewfinder) or hot shoe on an entry-level camera. Other aspects like burst speed, high ISO values and AF performance may lag behind the market standard, but not to the extend that it would bother a beginner.
Interestingly, there is usually little disparity between the image quality of contemporary low-end and high-end models of the same brand.
Recommended model:
The Sony a5000 is the perfect example of a technologically-advanced mirrorless in a very affordable package. Out of all entry-level mirrorless cameras, it features the sensor with the most megapixels (20MP APS-C) and works well for low-light shooting up to 3200 ISO. For occasional movie shooters, there is the option to record Full HD video in AVCHD format (50i and 25p). You also get WiFi/NFC connectivity, a 180° tilt screen for challenging angles and selfies, and that wonderfully sturdy and compact design that typifies the Sony Nex and Alpha series.
He may also like:
Case B: Shelly – Advanced Amateur
Shelly has owned an entry-level DSLR and kit lens for a couple of years. She has become very good at taking photos of her family and flowers/insects in her garden, and would like to take her photography to a new level. After reading about the benefits of mirrorless camera, including compactness and reduced weight, she has become curious about switching systems.
Budget: $1000
Shelly is the kind of photographer who has reached a crossroads in her photography: she knows all the basics, has developed an interest in specific genres, but has yet to settle on a system. Since she hasn’t yet invested in a series of lenses, she doesn’t feel financially bound to the system she owns.
Since Shelly’s main reason for switching would be for the compact and lightweight characteristic of mirrorless cameras, it is important that the model she chooses fulfil these two requirements. Similarly, it is also essential that her new camera possess features that allow her to grow as a photographer, including a viewfinder to aid with composition, a hot shoe for extra accessories such as an external flash, and of course, image quality on par with or better than that produced by her DSLR.
If a victim of the dreaded G.A.S. (Gear Acquisition Syndrome), she will also be keen on having as many features as possible, including a tilt/touch screen, WiFi, function buttons, and serious movie recording.
Recommended model:
The GX8 is the second Micro Four Thirds rangefinder-style camera to feature a built-in, tiltable EVF. Both well-built and designed, it features a 20.3 MP Micro Four Thirds sensor, a tilting touch LCD, Wifi and NFC connectivity, fast autofocus, and professional video features such as 4K video at up to 30 fps. Being a Micro Four Thirds camera, it also has a very wide range of high-quality compact lenses at its disposition.
She may also like:
- Fujifilm X-E2 with 18-55mm kit lens
- Sony a6300 with 16-50mm kit lens
- Olympus OM-D E-M10 II with 14-42mm kit lens
Case C: Phil – Professional looking for a second fixed body
Phil is a professional photographer who is satisfied with his DSLR. He is looking to add a professional compact camera to his kit for informal shooting.
Budget: $1500
Phil has been a professional photographer for over 30 years, and is more than happy with the system he has chosen. He has all the lenses and equipment he needs to cover weddings, portrait sessions, and sports events, but has decided to purchase a smaller and lighter compact camera to take with him to informal events and on holiday. Since he isn’t particularly interested in carrying around lots of lenses and extra gear on his down time, (he does enough of that while on assignment) the new generation of high-end fixed-lens compact cameras have caught his eye.
For Phil, it is important that his new camera be discreet, deliver good image quality, perform well in low-light, and deliver fast autofocus.
Recommended model:
The Fujifilm X100F is the fourth generation X100 camera from Fujfilm, and one of the most beloved models in the entire X series. It features a 24.3MP APS-C X-Trans CMOS III Sensor, X-Processor Pro and a fixed 23mm f/2 (35mm equivalent) lens. A special feature is its advanced hybrid viewfinder with 100% OVF coverage and real-time parallax correction, as well as a high-definition EVF. Of all the high-end compacts on the market, it is the one that most resembles an analog film camera due to its vintage exterior and external dials. Its subdued appearance, along with its almost inaudible leaf shutter, make it one of the most discreet compact cameras around today.
He may also like:
Case D: Pat – Professional wanting to switch to mirrorless
Pat is a professional wedding photographer who owns two high-end DSLRs and a series of professional primes and zooms. She is beginning to experience back pain due to the weight of her gear, and would like to switch to a smaller and lighter professional system.
Budget: $3000/irrelevant
It came as a shock when Pat’s doctor told her that she should stop carrying around heavy gear for her work. A successful wedding photographer for 15 years, she is now faced with the life-changing decision of either switching to a lighter system or changing professions.
Pat knows that for the switch to be feasible, she needs a well-rounded system that not only delivers the kind of image quality and performance she is used to on her DSLR, but also covers the same focal lengths. Compatible flash units, battery grips, filters, and professional support are all points that interest her as well.
Given that she is trading in her old gear for a new system, her budget is quite flexible.
Recommended model:
The Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II is one of the smallest, lightest and most complete mirrorless cameras on the market. Being part of the Micro Four Thirds line-up, the camera has a wide range of professional lenses at its disposition from M.Zuiko, Lumix and third-parties, all of which can be stabilized thanks to Olympus’ proprietary 5-axis stabilization. It has high image quality, excellent autofocus in both AF-S and AF-C, a large high-resolution EVF, and great ergonomics. Professional support exists for E-M1 Mark II users in most of Europe and the USA.
She may also like:
Buying a new camera is never easy, but I hope that these four case studies have proven useful in helping you make your decision. To find out more about mirrorless cameras, we invite you to explore the plethora of informative reviews on Photography Life, and visit our website, MirrorLessons, where my partner Mathieu and I review and compare mirrorless cameras out in the field.
About the author: When she’s not studying languages or indulging in weird and wild ethnic foods, Heather Broster is a self-employed blogger. She is the co-founder of MirrorLessons, a blog dedicated to reviewing the latest mirrorless cameras in real-world situations. Drop her a line on Twitter!
I’m somewhere between B and C, but with a particular penchant for bird photography. I carry around a D7100, 300 f4 and 1.4 converter for birds if I know I’m likely to photograph them, and an OM-D E-M5 with 14-140 for pretty much everything else. I also have a Panasonic 100-300 for the mirrorless E-M5, but I can rarely get bird images that are as good as the dSLR kit unless the bird is close and not moving quickly – that issue has been covered in depth elsewhere. I would to have a lighter (in weight) single system that will work for birds plus everything else – particularly when travelling. I have been reading about the Nikon V3, kit lens and 70-300CX lens – not cheap, but might do the trick, and preliminary reviews of that lens seem very good.. You didn’t mention the Nikon 1 system in your excellent article, so where do you and others think that might fit in? Thank you,
Richard
Richard, mirrorless systems struggle quite a bit with fast movements, such as when photographing birds in flight. Very few systems can actually continuously track fast movements and the Nikon 1 system is probably one of the few that can do the task. Tom Stirr is working on reviewing the 70-300mm Nikkor 1 lens and he is the best resource in our team for all things Nikon 1.
I am/was a D700/800 shooter … My wife was fed up, sympathetic, etc., to my load as I traveled around doing my work! I eventually listened to her and started my research into mirrorless cameras. As a previous 80s user of The Olympus OM2 film camera, I naturally started my search and finished my search with the OM-D E-M1. The package was just too good to overlook. The construction is all that you could wish for. The feel of the body in ones hand is just excellent, and even better with the grip. The 12-40 f/2.8 zoom is also excellent. I look forward to the delivery of the 40-150 f/2.8mm later this month. The results speak for themselves.
I still have my D800 and a number of their pro-lenses, but I traded in the D700/grip and will no doubt trade in all of my remaining Nikon gear for additional OM-D gear in the near future.
David, thanks for the great feedback. I had an opportunity to see the new 40-150mm f/2.8 lens at Photo Plus and it is very solid. You will love that lens.
The sex change from Pat, from a she to a he, did this also affect the choice of camera?;-)
Petra, thanks for letting us know, I fixed the typo :)
Ops! :)
Btw, I fail to see what wanting a tilt/touch screen and function buttons have to do with G.A.S. (Gear Acquisition Syndrome)….
They are those little “extras” that might tempt you to upgrade… :)
I like this approach to choosing a camera, it depends on your perspective, no pun intended. I have a Nikon D800 and zeiss lenses for landscapes. today I took some marsh shots while fishing in my boat with my Panasonic gx7 and 15mm lens. I would not dare to take the Nikon fishing.
Yes, good article , I think lots of folks will identify with this one. I have been and still do use Nikon DSLRs, but at times I felt that I wanted to carry something lighter, more compact but that would produce the image quality I was familiar with in a Nikon DSLR. I started with the Lumix GX 1. I used those for a bit but, something about the camera and the image quality just didn’t sit right. Now I have a Lumix DMC G5 and an Olympus PEN E PM 2. Its nice that the glass is interchangeable. Image quality, its not quite what the Nikon (D7000) produces (IMHO) but its still good and if I shoot in RAW the images are nice. The Lumix has a familiar feel in the hands as compared to the Nikon. We are fortunate, I suppose to have such a field of brands to choose from, but on a budget, then choosing the one that is just right becomes a little difficult. My wife has a Sony mirror-less, one of the earlier models. I have to admit that the Sony produces some very pleasant images. I enjoyed this post, it certainly spoke to me, I know that I have been searching for the perfect mirror-less camera- but perhaps such a thing does not exist.
Thank you for writing about this topic.
Ron
When choosing a camera, it is very important to evaluate the entire system on offer. What are the lenses on offer , flash system, availability, affordability and also how is the used market for such cameras. I switched from a Nikon to Olympus OMD, but faced issues with getting lenses and flashes etc in my country India. However, the system has small primes unlike the Sony a7 series , which does not have a cheap 50mm yet. There are a number of compromises to be made with mirrorless systems as compared to the traditional Canikon DSLR’s .
I traded my Nikon gear for Fuji X t1 system and am very happy with my decision, for the most part. The gear size and weight issue was important, but it was really the viewfinder that convinced me to switch. with my worsening eyesight was frustrating my efforts to compose and focus with a traditional pentaprism viewfinder. X t1’s viewfinder has restored my pleasure in photography. About the only gripe I have with the fuji system is their terribly inadequate flash system. I pray there are improvements forthcoming. Nikon was all over flash with their CLS and I do miss that. But all in all, I’m very happy with my decision.
really helpful article. For me it is very interesting that no Nikon camera was suggested by the author. This might underline how overpriced they are compared to competitors. But I, who owns 4 Nikon DSLRs and plenty of F mount lenses, still think something like V3 is a good option for me, as it comes with FREE F-mount adapter AND grip. This could probably be an extra case for the post, indeed.
Thanks for your comment, Levan.
The reason I didn’t include Nikon 1 is because I simply wouldn’t recommend the system to any of the people in these four fictional case studies. There are too many options out there that are more affordable, and just as good in terms of performance and IQ, if not better.
I could have potentially created a fifth case study about a person who wants to adapt their DSLR glass to a mirrorless system. In that case, the Nikon 1 would be a good choice for a photographer who already owns many Nikon lenses, just as the Canon EOS M could work for a die-hard Canon user (keeping in mind the crop factor of course).
May I ask why you have completely missed out Samsung range of mirror less cameras? My first foray into mirror less was with the NX1000 and I have found it to be a great all round camera with some super lens available as well at reasonable prices? Just about to upgrade to the NX1 now as I want what it has to offer.
You can see my NX shots at andicampbelljones.com
You are right–the current line-up of Samsung CSCs would make a great choice for the beginner and advanced amateur as well. I was considering adding the NX1 to the Case D list, as all specs point towards it being an amazing professional tool, but I didn’t want to list it without having tested it myself.
There are many good options now, so ANY recommended gear has an alternative. I concur with most suggestions listed here.
I, myself, would not recommend A7s to a working professional. I think the usage experience / usability of A7 bodies is still behind Canikon and others. Some of the negative points I’ve seen with A7s:
1) If you let it sleep (if you do not turn it off), waking up “may” take too long. I say “may” because sometimes it’s back to life immediately.
2) Silent shutter is excellent (like GH3 and GH4), but you have to go into menus to activate it! Sony needs to make it possible to assign this to a function button.
3) You need several batteries if you want to survive all day.
4) The Sony battery grip feels as cheap as cheap Chinese no-name grips. Why, Sony, why? At least you can make it more affordable.
5) The seals do not seem to be as good as OM1 or GH4. When A7 series were announced, from their adverts, I understood that they were weather proof. Now Sony says that they are only “dust and splash” proof. One experience: tobinators.com/blog/…oof-shock/
6) The HDMI port is too small and looks fragile. I’m scared even to touch it :)
7) The LCD really shines, but in a bad way :) I think Sony does not use any kind of anti-glare layer, so in bright light it’s not easy to see the screen. Considering the price, I’d expect more. Yes you can use EVF but if the camera is above or below my eyes (using the tilting LCD) I cannot use EVF.
8) The camera has 4K capability, but you need to buy an expensive Atomos device to make use of it! I know that XT1 and OM1 does not even have 4K, but having it but not being able to use it (i.e. record to SD card) is just painful :)
9) Menu and button reaction is “slightly” delayed, not as fluid as OM1 or GH4. Don’t know why. Some says it may be due to using slower cards. I have 60 MB/s Sandisks now, will see again when I buy faster cards.
10) Autofocus is definitely, absolutely behind GH4 and OM1. Actually, I can clearly say that this alone would be the reason not to recommend it as a professional workhorse. The sensor is just amazing in low light, but autofocusing in low light becomes hassle sometimes. In good light, it’s good enough.
I love A7s. Electronic silent shutter + stunning high ISO capacity makes it an ideal camera to take my daughter’s photos when she sleeps (still AF is a challenge).
Fujifilm x100,S,T all the way could not be happier. Paired with the WCT,TCL and the little flash and your good to go. I bring this set
up wherever I go. Tho it still can’t match the IQ of my nikon D610 it is nice to have this
small system, great for street photography. Just my 2¢.
As often in recommendation articles like this one,
the excellent choice of a used camera is not mentioned.
For example, the deficits of the entry-level camera (e.g., no EVF)
are easily overcome with wonderful feature-laden cameras
like the Panasonic G5/G6 which are well within the budget on the used market.
As pointed out in the article,
there have been so many mirrorless models
and updated so frequently,
that the used market is glutted
with pristine barely-used examples
of excellent cameras just a generation or two older.
And usually at half or less of the original price.
You put yourself out there with your recommends. The only glaring questionable one is recommending an Olympus for a professional. Some print clients won’t accept the files from a little M43 sensor.
Thanks for your input on those who are out looking for a mirrorless camera. Sometimes we seem to get a little too technical when it comes to these things. Let’s not forget that we are photographers, so there are many people who want to know if the camera is good enough to use. Everything else will fall into place.
Hi, apart from recommended gf6 for a beginner, do you recommend olympus e-pl6 / e-pl7? Im looking in between gf6, e-pl6, and Sony a5100 and would like to get some advice here:) Thanks.
Of all the smaller sensor mirrorless cameras (and I own six bodies), I find the Olympus E-P5 to be the best package of features. It has better ergonomics than the OM-D line, and the fact that the EVF is optional also makes it future-proof. I am not sure what makes a camera “professional”, but I have taken front-page photos with it.
Thanks for the insightful article! Some more tips I found for beginners: virtualphotographystudio.com/2015/…s-cameras/
Sony alpha 6000 is good for beginners?
I have held back some time before I decided to respond, This article is exactly what’s going wrong with photography today. The biggest evil in our industry today is this obsession with only ML is the future. This is based on the notion that look at the specs and buy a camera or lens. That is the reason so many cameras are sold and never used. I look at the list and it is very limited ito what it offers, both ito the future progression of a photographer and from an investment point. I grew up with the understanding that any equipment you buy is an investment, not a disposable item that has no future value that you just stop using. If you change the topic to cameras and lenses then the options from DSLRs offer a much wider choice and in many cases is a lot more suited, plus, offers a lot more value and image quality at a higher level. Output is the result not the purchase of equipment. M43 have its place but for many beginner the Olympus and Lumix systems are some of the more complicated menu systems and more difficult sensors to use. This total approach creates a start of gear obsession. Lecturing at a photography school our aim is to get students of all levels to understand what they want to photograph, expand their vision and understanding of light, exposure and subject. And how the camera and lens contribute to the capturing of the images. I see many people arriving at these education sessions who have bought equipment on the back of gear articles, that have spend way more than they should on when they start out a hobby or career, just to be totally frustrated with the new “high tech” gear. While struggling to get to know a complicated menu system the person next seat or position out shooting, enjoy every moment with a simple body and lens creating pictures. 9/10 subjects floating on social media is about gear. My wife is an artist painter and lectures in both modern art and methods used by the old masters. teaching art and I regard photography an art form even when it is action sport, is 90% about light, color, composition, using color and contrast and 10% about the paint, and means they use to create art. Yes I also have good equipment and I am for the principle of buying the best you can afford even if it is 5 yr old high end equipment vs brand new entry level. But see your equipment as an investment, a tool or tools to create art, not a fight about ML vs DSLR or Canon and Nikon vs Sony and Fuji and the rest.